How is risk calculated in the context of hazardous materials?

In the context of hazardous materials, risk is calculated by multiplying toxicity and exposure. This approach highlights the importance of both the harmful effects of a substance (toxicity) and the likelihood or extent of contact with that substance (exposure). By using multiplication, the formula reflects that higher levels of either toxicity or exposure will significantly increase the overall risk associated with hazardous materials.

For instance, a highly toxic substance that individuals are frequently exposed to poses a much greater risk than a less toxic substance that is rarely encountered. This calculation is essential in assessing potential dangers and guiding safety measures in handling hazardous materials. The multiplicative relationship emphasizes that risk escalates dramatically with increases in either factor, which is crucial for creating effective safety protocols in environments where hazardous materials are present.